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Language of Chemistry for CBSE

CBSE Syllabus

Students have to learn approximately ’75 Chemical Formulae’ and ‘70 Balanced Chemical Equations’ from 7th to 10th Std in Chemistry.

A detailed summary is given below for your reference for each grade/standard.


7th Standard.

Chapter – V. Acids, Bases and Salts.

NosChemical FormulaNosChemical Equations
1HCl1HCl + NaOH     →       NaCl + H2O
2NaOH  
3NaCl  

Chapter – Vl. Physical and Chemical changes.

NosChemical FormulaNosChemical Equations
4MgO2Mg+ O2               MgO
5Mg(OH)23MgO + H2O              Mg(OH)2
6CO24CO2 + Ca(OH)2             CaCO3  H2O
7Ca(OH)25Fe + O2 + H2O             Fe2O3
8CaCO3  
9Fe2O3  

NOTES.

  1. Writing a Chemical Formula is explained only in lX Std.
  2. Writing a Chemical Equation and Balancing a Chemical Equation is explained only in X Std.
  3. Chemical Equations [Nos 2 & 5] given in Chapter – Vl are not Balanced.
  4. The Chemical Name of Fe2O3 is given as Iron Oxide. In fact, the Correct Name is Iron(lll) Oxide or Ferric Oxide.
  5. The Chemical Formula of Iron Oxide is Fe3O4

8th Standard.

Chapter – lV. Metals and Non – Metals.

NosChemical FormulaNosChemical Equations
10Cu(OH)262Cu+H2O+CO2+O2  →   Cu(OH)2 + CuCO3             
11CuCO37SO2 + H2O     →         H2SO3
12SO28CuSO4+ Zn      →       ZnSO4  + Cu
13H2SO3  
14CuSO4  
15ZnSO4  

NOTES.

  1. Writing a Chemical Formula is explained only in lX Std.
  2. Writing a Chemical Equation and Balancing a Chemical Equation is explained only in X Std.
  3. Compounds of Element like Copper which shows Variable Valency, the correct Chemical Name is given below:
NosFormulaGiven Chemical NameCorrect Chemical Name
1Cu(OH)2Copper HydroxideCopper (ll) Hydroxide or Cupric Hydroxide
2CuCO3Copper CarbonateCopper(ll) Carbonate or Cupric Carbonate
3CuSO4  Copper SulphateCopper (ll) Sulphate or Cupric Sulphate

9th Standard.

Chapter – lll. Atoms and Molecules.

There are no Chemical Equations in this Chapter.

NosChemical FormulaNosChemical Formula
16H2S28Al2(SO4)3
17CCl429K2SO4
18MgCl230KNO3
19Al2O331Cu(NO3)2
20CaO32HNO3
21NaNO333Na2SO3
22Na2CO334NH3
23(NH4)SO435CH3OH
24CaCl236ZnO
25Na2O37K2CO3
26AlCl338Na2SO4
27Na2S39Na3PO4

NOTES.

  1. If the Radicals were classified into Simple and Compound Radicals, it would help the Students to write the Chemical Formula correctly.
  2. In ‘Exercise. 4’. [c], Copper Nitrate. To write the Chemical Formula, Valency is required. Instead of Copper Nitrate, if Copper(ll) Nitrate or Cupric Nitrate was given, students, would find it easy to answer the question.

10th Standard.

Chapter – l. Chemical Reactions and Equations.

NosChemical FormulaNosChemical Equations
40Fe3O49Zn + H2SO4     →      ZnSO4 + H2
41CO103Fe + 4H2O[steam]   →   Fe3O4 + 4H2
42BaCl211CO + 2H2      →        CH3OH
43BaSO412H2 + Cl2      →       2HCl
44SO3133BaCl2+Al2(SO4)3     →     3BaSO4 +2AlCl3
45FeSO4142Na + 2H2O       →       2NaOH + H2
46Pb(NO3)215BaCl2 + Na2SO4       →       BaSO4+2 NaCl
47PbO16CaO + H2O       →       Ca(OH)2
48NO217C + O2      →       CO2              
49AgCl182H2 + O2      →      2H2O
50AgBr19CH4 + 2O2      →       CO2 + 2H2O
51CuCl2202FeSO4     →       Fe2O3 + SO2 + SO3
52PbCl221CaCO3      →       CaO + CO2
53CuO222Pb(NO3)2     →      2PbO+4NO2 + O2
54MnO2232AgCl        →      2Ag + Cl2
55MnCl2242AgBr      →       2Ag + Br2
56KOH25Fe + CuSO4       →       FeSO4 + Cu
57Ca(NO3)226Pb + CuCl2      →        PbCl2  + Cu
58H2SO4272Cu + O2      →       2CuO
 59 AgNO328CuO + H2      →        Cu + H2O
 60 Zn(NO3)229ZnO + C       →         Zn + CO
 61 KBr30MnO2 + 4HCl      →     MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2
 62 BaI2314Na + O2      →        2Na2O
 63 KI322PbO + C     →        2Pb + CO2
 64 BaBr233Fe2O3 + 2Al       →      Al2O3 + 2Fe 
 65 ZnCO334NaOH + H2SO4       →        2Na2SO4 + H2O
  353H2 + N2      →        2NH3
  362H2S + 3O2      →        2H2O + 2SO2
  372K + 2H2O      →        2KOH + H2
  382HNO3 + Ca(OH)2   →    Ca(NO3)2 + 2 H2O
39NaCl + AgNO3      →      AgCl + NaNO3
40BaCl2 + H2SO4      →       BaSO4 + HCl
41Zn + 2AgNO3     →     Zn(NO3)2 + 2Ag
422Al + 3CuCl2      →         2AlCl3 + 3Cu
43BaCl2 + K2SO4     →     BaSO4 + 2KCl
442KBr + BaI2       →        2KI + BaBr2
45ZnCO3      →        ZnO + CO2
46Mg + HCl     →       MgCl2 + H2

NOTES.

  1. Equation No: 10 used as an Example for Balancing a Chemical Equation. If a “Word Equation’ is given, students are able to understand the Name of the Reactants and Products.

    Iron + Steam Iron Oxide + Hydrogen
  2. [i] In Equation No: 20. FeSO4 [Ferrous Sulphate]. Fe2O3 [Ferric Oxide]. Without explaining the Variable Valency of Iron, students find it difficult to understand these Chemical Names.
    [ii] In Equation Nos: 27 and 28, the Chemical Name given for CuO is Copper (ll) Oxide. Without explaining the Variable Valency of Copper, students find it difficult to understand Chemical Names.
  3. In Equation No: 22, 25 and 26. Compounds of Elements like Lead, Iron and Copper that show Variable Valency, the correct Chemical Name is given below:,
NosFormulaGiven Chemical NameCorrect Chemical Name
1Pb(NO3)2Lead NitrateLead (ll) Nitrate or Plumbous Nitrate
2PbOLead OxideLead(ll) Oxide or Plumbous Oxide
3FeSO4  Iron SulphateIron (ll) Sulphate or Ferrous Sulphate
4CuCl2Copper ChlorideCopper (ll) Chloride or Cupric Chloride
5PbCl2Lead ChlorideLead (ll) Chloride or Plumbous Chloride
  1. In Exercise No: 7, write Balanced Chemical Equations for the following Reactions:
    [c] Students would easily answer the question, if Copper (ll) Chloride was given instead of Copper Chloride. To write the Chemical Formula, Valency is required.

Chapter – ll. Acids, Bases and Salts.

NosChemical FormulaNosChemical Equations
66CH3COOH472NaOH + Zn      →       Na2ZnO2 + H2
67Na2ZnO248Na2CO3 + 2HCl   →     2NaCl + H2O + CO2
68NaHCO349NaHCO3+HCl    →     NaCl+H2O+CO2
69Ca(HCO3)250CaCO3+ H2O + CO2    →   Ca(HCO3)2
70CaOCl2512NaCl + 2H2O    →   2NaOH+\Cl2 + H2
71NH4Cl52Ca(OH)2 + CI2     →      CaOCl2 + H2O
72FeCl253NaCl+H2O+CO2+NH3   →    NH4Cl+NaHCO3
  542NaHCO3 heat → Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2
  552Al + 3H2SO4     →    Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
  56Fe +  dil 2HCl       →         FeCl2 + H2

Chapter – lll. Metals and Non – Metals.

NosChemical FormulaNosChemical Equations
73NaAlO2574Al + 3O2       →        2Al2O3
74K2O58Al2O3+ 6HCl      →      2AlCl3 + 3lH2O
75HgS59Al2O3 + 2NaOH    →     2NaAlO2+H2O
76HgO60Na2O + H2O      →         2NaOH
77Cu2S61K2O + 2H2O      →        2KOH
78Cu2O62Ca + 2H2O      →        Ca(OH)2 + H2
79ZnS632Al + 3H2O       →       Al2O3 + 3H2
  642HgS + 3O2      →        2HgO + 2SO2
  652HgO    heat→       2Hg + O2
  66Fe +  dil 2HCl       →        FeCl2 + H2
672Cu2O + Cu2S               6Cu + SO2
682ZnS+ 3O2              ZnO + 2SO2
693MnO2 + 4Al               3Mn + 2Al2O3
70S + O2               SO2

NOTES.

  1. The Chemical Names of ‘Cu2O and Cu2S’ are not mentioned,
    Cu2O — Copper (l) Oxide or Cuprous Oxide.
    Cu2S — Copper (l) Sulphide or Cuprous Sulphide.

Letter of Appreciation


A copy of ‘THE LANGUAGE OF CHEMISTRY’, ‘PLAYWAY METHOD’ was sent to the ‘NATIONAL COUNCIL OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION IN SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS.

We received a ‘Letter of Appreciation’. Dated July 1st, 2008, with the following comments:

  1. It is a good attempt for using ‘PLAY – WAY METHOD’, in the
    teaching of ‘THE LANGUAGE OF CHEMISTRY’.
  2. Activities given in the manual are thought provoking.
  3. This is well appreciated that suggested activities follow step up procedure and guidelines for self – assessment are given in the activities.

We suggest that ‘THE LANGUAGE OF CHEMISTRY’, ‘PLAYWAY METHOD’ be introduced as a hand – book in the 7th Std. The students would be able to write ‘Symbols, Chemical Formula and Balanced Chemical Equations’, easily and correctly. Certainly, they would enjoy learning Chemistry.